Dermatologie

Tratament acnee

Este binecunoscut faptul ca acneea consta in formarea comedoanelor, pustulelor, nodulilor/chistelor ca rezultat al obstruarii si inflamatiei unitatii pilosebacee (foliculul pilos acompaniat de glanda sebacee). Cel mai des este o afectiune a adolescentei dar de multe ori se prelungeste si dupa varsta de 30 de ani.
Leziunile de acnee apar atunci cand foliculul pilosebaceu se obstrueaza cu un dop de sebum si keratinocite descuamate fiind colonizat apoi de catre o bacterie saprofita a pielii, Propionibacterium acnes. In functie de nivelul de proliferare a acestei bacterii, acneea poate fi inflamatorie sau noninflamatorie.

Cauze?
Adesea aceasta afectiune se declanseaza in perioada pubertatii, cand hormonii androgeni stimuleaza productia de sebum si o hiperproliferare a keratinocitelor (celule epidermice).
Alti stimuli declansatori pot fi schimbarile hormonale din timpul sarcinii sau din preajma ciclului menstrual, diverse afectiuni endocrine (Sd ovarelor polichistice), produse cosmetice ocluzive sau comedogene, umiditatea si transpiratia excesiva, expunerea prelungita la soare. Asocierea intre agravarea acneei si dieta (ciocolata, ou, etc), igiena inadecvata, masturbare sau sex este nefondata. Exista studii catre arata o relativa asociere intre agravarea acneei si consumul in cantitati crecute de lapte si derivate din lapte.

Ce forma de acnee am?
Cei mai multi dintre pacienti nu-si recunosc stadiul sau forma de boala dar este foarte important de stiut acest lucru astfel incat tratamentul sa se faca tintit. Pentru fiecare din formele clinice de acnee se aplica tratamente diferite si datorita acestui fapt fiecare pacient va beneficia in urma unui consult clinic personalizat si dupa o discutie detaliata cu medicul dermatolog de un tratament adecvat. Medicul dermatolog este singurul abilitat sa stabileasca forma clinica de acnee de care sufera un pacient in urma evaluarii numarului, tipului si profunzimii leziunilor.
In acest moment sint disponibile mai multe variante de tratament, fiecare din acestea avand un mod de actiune diferit: unele dintre acestea ajuta la dezobstructia porilor, altele scad productia de sebum sau actioneaza pe factorii infectiosi, bacterieni, care complica leziunile de acnee.
In stabilirea tratmentului pe care medicul urmeaza sa-l prescrie, medicul va lua in calcul mai multe aspecte definitorii fiecarui pacient: extinderea si severitatea leziunilor de acnee, cicatrici post-acneice sau riscul de aparitie de cicatrici datorita leziunilor severe precum si impactul psihoemotional si social pe care-l poate resimti orice persoana afectata de acnee.

Frecvent se poate ca tratamentul sa cuprinde o combinatie de tratamente locale (topice) si tratamente sistemice cu rezultate foarte bune.
Efecte adverse ca urmare a tratamentului administrat pot apare in cazul oricarui tratament local sau sistemic dar cele intalnite in cursul tratamentului antiacneic sint de obicei usor de intensitate mica si usor tratat. Cele mai frecvent intalnite precum si cele mai importante ca si gravitate sunt discutate de catre medic impreuna cu pacientul si deasemena pacientul este sfatuit despre modul in care aceste fenomene nedorite pot fi evitate sau intensitatea lor sa fie mult diminuata.

Unde gasesc dermatolog?
In clinica noastra beneficiati de un examen clinic complet si de sfat terapeutic personalizat. In functie de forma clinica de acnee de care suferiti tratamentul topic pe care il veti urma poate consta in utilizarea unui singur produs sau a unei combinatii de mai multi agenti topici (acid retinoic, antibiotice locale, peroxide de benzoil, acid glycolic sau salicilic) la care se pot adauga medicatie sistemica (antibiotic, retinoizi, terapie hormonala) si suport psihologic de specialitate.

Asociat tratamentului medicamentos poate fi necesara adaugarea suplimentara a unui tratament laser sau cu lumina intens pulsata, microdermabraziune sau peeling chimic.

Leziunile cicatriceale superficiale se tratateaza prin microdermabraziune, laser si peeling chimic sau injectari cu aminoacizi. In cazul leziunilor cu profunzime mai mare se practica punch – excizia acestora cu rezultate foarte bune. Leziunile post-acneice cicatriceale profunde si intinse pot beneficia de practicarea subinciziilor si tratamentul cu fileri injectabili.

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